هيزنبورغ ومبدأ الارتياب

[عبد الرحـمن]

في حقيقة الأمر ...إن مبدأ الإرتياب ليس بهذه البساطة.
ما ناقشته كيميائية هو تأثير القياسات ( OBSEVER EFFECT) هو يختلف عن مبدأ الإرتياب الذي هو رياضي و فيزيائي.
الأمر يحتاج لاستفاضة ساعود له عند فراغي إن شاء الله

اقرأوا هذا من ويكيبيديا:
[edit] Uncertainty principle and observer effect
The uncertainty principle is often explained as the statement that the measurement of position necessarily disturbs a particle’s momentum, and vice versa—i.e., that the uncertainty principle is a manifestation of the observer effect.

This explanation is sometimes misleading in a modern con****, because it makes it seem that the disturbances are somehow conceptually avoidable, that there are states of the particle with definite position and momentum, but the experimental devices we have today are just not good enough to produce those states. In fact, states with both definite position and momentum just do not exist in quantum mechanics, so it is not the measurement equipment that is at fault.

It is also misleading in another way, because sometimes it is a failure to measure the particle that produces the disturbance. For example, if a perfect photographic film contains a small hole, and an incident photon is not observed, then its momentum becomes uncertain by a large amount. By not observing the photon, we discover that it went through the hole.

It is misleading in yet another way, because sometimes the measurement can be performed far away. If two photons are emitted in opposite directions from the decay of positronium, the momentum of the two photons is opposite. By measuring the momentum of one particle, the momentum of the other is determined. This case is subtler, because it is impossible to introduce more uncertainties by measuring a distant particle, but it is possible to restrict the uncertainties in different ways, with different statistical properties, depending on what property of the distant particle you choose to measure. By restricting the uncertainty in p to be very small by a distant measurment, the remaining uncertainty in x stays large.

But Heisenberg did not focus on the mathematics of quantum mechanics, he was primarily concerned with establishing that the uncertainty is actually a property of the world--- that it is in fact physically impossible to measure the position and momentum of a particle to a precision better than that allowed by quantum mechanics. To do this, he used physical arguments based on the existence of quanta, but not the full quantum mechanical formalism.

The reason is that this was a surprising prediction of quantum mechanics, which was not yet accepted. Many people would have considered it a flaw that there are no states of definite position and momentum. Heisenberg was trying to show that this is not a bug, but a feature--- it is a deep surprising aspect of the universe. In order to do this, he could not just use the mathematical formalism, because it was the mathematical formalism itself that he was trying to justify.