ناجي ت
08-09-2006, 11:04 AM
بعض النظائر المشعة واستخداماتها
Americum 241
Used in many smoke detectors for homes and businesses ... to measure levels of toxic lead in dried paint samples ... to ensure uniform thickness in rolling processes like steel and paper production ... and to help determine where oil wells should be drilled.
Cadmium 109
Used to analyze ****l alloys for checking stock, scrap sorting.
Calcium 47
Important aid to biomedical researchers studying the cellular functions and bone formation in mammals.
Californium 252
Used to inspect airline luggage for hidden expolsives ... to gauge the moisture content of soil in the road construction and building industries ... and to measure the moisture of materials stored in soils.
Carbon 14
Major research tool. Helps in research to ensure that potential new drugs are ****bolized without forming harmful by products. Used in biological research, agriculture, pollution control, and archeology.
Cesium 137
Used to treat cancerous tumors ... to measure correct patient dosages of radioactive pharmaceuticals ... to measure and control the liquid flow in oil pipelines ... to tell researchers whether oil wells are plugged by sand ... and to ensure the right fill level for packages of food, drugs and other products. (The products in these packages do not become radioactive.)
Chromium 51
Used in research in red blood cell survival studies.
Cobalt 57
Used as a tracer to diagnose pernicious anemia.
Cobalt 60
Used to sterilize surgical instruments ... and to improve the safety and reliability of industrial fuel oil burners. Used in cancer treatment, food irradiation, gauges, and radiography.
Copper 67
When injected with monoclonal antibodies into a cancer patient, helps the antibodies bind to and destroy the tumor.
Curium 244
Used in mining to analyze material excavated from pits ... and slurries from drilling operations.
Gallium 67
Used in medical diagnosis.
Iodine 123
Widely used to diagnose thyroid disorders and other ****bolic disorders including brain function.
Iodine 125
Major diagnostic tool used in clinical tests and to diagnose thyroid disorders. Also used in biomedical research.
Iodine 129
Used to check some radioactivity counters in in vitro diagnostic testing laboratories.
Iodine 131
Used to treat thyroid disorders. (Former President George Bush and Mrs. Bush were both successfully treated for Graves’ disease, a thyroid disease, with iodine 1 3 1.)
Iridium 192
Used to test the integrity of pipeline welds, boilers and aircraft parts and in brachytherapy/tumor irradiation.
Iron 55
Used to analyze electroplating solutions and to detect the presence of sulphur in the air. Used in ****bolism research.
Krypton 85
Used in indicator lights in appliances such as clothes washers and dryers, stereos, and coffee makers ... to gauge the thickness of thin plastics and sheet ****l, rubber, ****iles and paper... and to measure dust and pollutant levels.
Nickel 63
Used to detect explosives, and in voltage regulators and current surge protectors in electronic devices, and in electron capture detectors for gas chromatographs.
Phosphorus 32
Used in molecular biology and genetics research.
Phosphorus 33
Used in molecular biology and genetics research.
Plutonium 238
Has powered more than 20 NASA spacecraft since 1972.
Polonium 210
Reduces the static charge in production of photographic film and other materials.
Promethium 147
Used in electric blanket thermostats ... and to gauge the thickness of thin plastics, thin sheet ****l, rubber, ****ile and paper.
Radium 226
Makes lighting rods more effective.
Selenium 75
used in protein studies in life science research.
Sodium 24
Used to locate leaks in industrial pipe lines ... and in oil well studies.
Strontium 85
Used to study bone formation and ****bolism.
Sulphur 35
Used in survey meters by schools, the military and emergency management authorities. Also used in cigarette manufacturing sensors and medical treatment.
Technetium 99m
Used in genetics and molecular biology research. The most widely used radioactive pharmaceutical for diagnostic studies in nuclear medicine. Different chemical forms are used for brain, bone, liver, spleen and kidney imaging and also for blood flow studies.
Thallium 201
Used in nuclear medicine for nuclear cardiology and tumor detection.
Thallium 204
Measures the dust and pollutant levels on filter paper ... and gauges the thickness of plastics, sheet ****l, rubber,, ****iles and paper.
Thoriated Tungsten
Used in electric arc welding rods in construction, aircraft, petrochemical and food processing equipment industries. They produce easier starting, greater arc stability and less ****l contamination.
Thorium 229
Helps fluorescent lights last longer.
Thorium 230
Provides coloring and fluorescence in colored glazes and glassware.
Tritium
Major tool for biomedical research. Used for life science and drug ****bolism studies to ensure the safety of potential new drugs ... for self luminous aircraft and commercial exit signs ... for luminous dials, gauges and wrist watches ... to produce luminous paint, and for geological prospecting and hydrology.
Uranium 234
Used in dental fixtures like crowns and dentures to provide a natural color and brightness.
Uranium 235
Fuel for nuclear power plants and naval nuclear propulsion systems ... and used to produce fluorescent glassware, a variety of colored glazes and wall tiles.
Xenon 133
Used in nuclear medicine for lung ventilation and blood flow studies.[/align]
Americum 241
Used in many smoke detectors for homes and businesses ... to measure levels of toxic lead in dried paint samples ... to ensure uniform thickness in rolling processes like steel and paper production ... and to help determine where oil wells should be drilled.
Cadmium 109
Used to analyze ****l alloys for checking stock, scrap sorting.
Calcium 47
Important aid to biomedical researchers studying the cellular functions and bone formation in mammals.
Californium 252
Used to inspect airline luggage for hidden expolsives ... to gauge the moisture content of soil in the road construction and building industries ... and to measure the moisture of materials stored in soils.
Carbon 14
Major research tool. Helps in research to ensure that potential new drugs are ****bolized without forming harmful by products. Used in biological research, agriculture, pollution control, and archeology.
Cesium 137
Used to treat cancerous tumors ... to measure correct patient dosages of radioactive pharmaceuticals ... to measure and control the liquid flow in oil pipelines ... to tell researchers whether oil wells are plugged by sand ... and to ensure the right fill level for packages of food, drugs and other products. (The products in these packages do not become radioactive.)
Chromium 51
Used in research in red blood cell survival studies.
Cobalt 57
Used as a tracer to diagnose pernicious anemia.
Cobalt 60
Used to sterilize surgical instruments ... and to improve the safety and reliability of industrial fuel oil burners. Used in cancer treatment, food irradiation, gauges, and radiography.
Copper 67
When injected with monoclonal antibodies into a cancer patient, helps the antibodies bind to and destroy the tumor.
Curium 244
Used in mining to analyze material excavated from pits ... and slurries from drilling operations.
Gallium 67
Used in medical diagnosis.
Iodine 123
Widely used to diagnose thyroid disorders and other ****bolic disorders including brain function.
Iodine 125
Major diagnostic tool used in clinical tests and to diagnose thyroid disorders. Also used in biomedical research.
Iodine 129
Used to check some radioactivity counters in in vitro diagnostic testing laboratories.
Iodine 131
Used to treat thyroid disorders. (Former President George Bush and Mrs. Bush were both successfully treated for Graves’ disease, a thyroid disease, with iodine 1 3 1.)
Iridium 192
Used to test the integrity of pipeline welds, boilers and aircraft parts and in brachytherapy/tumor irradiation.
Iron 55
Used to analyze electroplating solutions and to detect the presence of sulphur in the air. Used in ****bolism research.
Krypton 85
Used in indicator lights in appliances such as clothes washers and dryers, stereos, and coffee makers ... to gauge the thickness of thin plastics and sheet ****l, rubber, ****iles and paper... and to measure dust and pollutant levels.
Nickel 63
Used to detect explosives, and in voltage regulators and current surge protectors in electronic devices, and in electron capture detectors for gas chromatographs.
Phosphorus 32
Used in molecular biology and genetics research.
Phosphorus 33
Used in molecular biology and genetics research.
Plutonium 238
Has powered more than 20 NASA spacecraft since 1972.
Polonium 210
Reduces the static charge in production of photographic film and other materials.
Promethium 147
Used in electric blanket thermostats ... and to gauge the thickness of thin plastics, thin sheet ****l, rubber, ****ile and paper.
Radium 226
Makes lighting rods more effective.
Selenium 75
used in protein studies in life science research.
Sodium 24
Used to locate leaks in industrial pipe lines ... and in oil well studies.
Strontium 85
Used to study bone formation and ****bolism.
Sulphur 35
Used in survey meters by schools, the military and emergency management authorities. Also used in cigarette manufacturing sensors and medical treatment.
Technetium 99m
Used in genetics and molecular biology research. The most widely used radioactive pharmaceutical for diagnostic studies in nuclear medicine. Different chemical forms are used for brain, bone, liver, spleen and kidney imaging and also for blood flow studies.
Thallium 201
Used in nuclear medicine for nuclear cardiology and tumor detection.
Thallium 204
Measures the dust and pollutant levels on filter paper ... and gauges the thickness of plastics, sheet ****l, rubber,, ****iles and paper.
Thoriated Tungsten
Used in electric arc welding rods in construction, aircraft, petrochemical and food processing equipment industries. They produce easier starting, greater arc stability and less ****l contamination.
Thorium 229
Helps fluorescent lights last longer.
Thorium 230
Provides coloring and fluorescence in colored glazes and glassware.
Tritium
Major tool for biomedical research. Used for life science and drug ****bolism studies to ensure the safety of potential new drugs ... for self luminous aircraft and commercial exit signs ... for luminous dials, gauges and wrist watches ... to produce luminous paint, and for geological prospecting and hydrology.
Uranium 234
Used in dental fixtures like crowns and dentures to provide a natural color and brightness.
Uranium 235
Fuel for nuclear power plants and naval nuclear propulsion systems ... and used to produce fluorescent glassware, a variety of colored glazes and wall tiles.
Xenon 133
Used in nuclear medicine for lung ventilation and blood flow studies.[/align]